Soil N-oxide emissions decrease from intensive greenhouse vegetable fields by substituting synthetic N fertilizer with organic and bio-organic fertilizers

In order to reduce soil and environmental quality degradation associated with the use of synthetic nitrogen (N), substituting chemical fertilizer organic or bio-organic has become an increasingly popular option. However, components this strategy related mitigation N-oxide emissions maintenance crop yield remain uncertain. Here, we evaluated effects three different strategies, equal amounts N, on nitrous oxide (N2O) nitric (NO) emissions, vegetable yield, yield-scaled N2O NO under consecutive cucumber growing seasons. The treatments were (NPK, urea), (O, composted cattle manure), (O + T, O combined Trichoderma.spp). Results showed that NPK plot had highest area-scaled (13.1 ± 0.48 kg N ha?1 yr?1) (5.01 0.34 yr?1), which 1.3–1.4 3.1–3.7 times greater than T plots, respectively. annual direct emission factors for 2.08% 0.92% plot, declined 1.34% 0.09% in 1.12% 0.03% was 117 2.9 t 122 2.0 higher 111 1.7 plot. differed significantly fertilization treatment, lowest value observed We attributed lower following application slow release available enhanced denitrification caused by increase dissolved carbon pH. Compared alone, addition Trichoderma.spp increased potential rate but decreased may have promoted reduction N2. Therefore, our results suggest adopting mixtures microbial inoculants could be a win-win practice mitigate gaseous losses simultaneously improve intensively managed cropping systems.